Organic Corn Production Practices and Profitability in the Eastern U.S. Corn Belt

Caroline Brock, Douglas Jackson-Smith, Subbu Kumarappan, Steve Culman, Cathy Herms and Douglas Doohan
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Caroline Brock: Department of Sociology, University of Missouri, 322 Middlebush, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Douglas Jackson-Smith: School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 134 Williams Hall, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
Subbu Kumarappan: Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, 1328 Dover Road, Halterman 089A, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
Steve Culman: School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 134 Williams Hall, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
Cathy Herms: Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
Douglas Doohan: Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 16, 1-18

Abstract: Efforts to assess and improve the sustainability performance of the growing organic farming sector depend on an accurate understanding of farm structure and management practices. To contribute to the dearth of literature in this area, we conducted a survey of over 850 certified organic corn growers in four states (Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania) in the spring of 2018. Findings show that most organic corn growers in this region had diversified livestock operations (mostly dairy) on relatively small farms (10–100 ha), which contrasts with trends of specialization and growth in farm size. More than half were dairy farmers, and nearly two-thirds farmed with horses (likely Amish). Soil fertility and health were managed by the use of manure, cover crops, forages, and a variety of other soil amendments. Organic corn growers relied heavily on moldboard plow tillage. All producers had positive net returns to labor and management in 2017, though net returns varied widely across operations. The results have implications for assessing the sustainability of organic farming systems, and for designing scientific research and extension/outreach programs to ensure they address the needs of the diverse organic farming population in this region.

Keywords: organic; corn; soil science; soil health; manure; profitability; crop rotation; cover crops; hay (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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