Preparation and Characterization of Cattail -Derived Biochar and Its Application for Cadmium Removal

Xiaoshu Wang, Zheng Yan, Lingchao Song, Yangyang Wang, Jia Zhu, Nan Xu, Jinsheng Wang, Ming Chang and Lei Wang
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Xiaoshu Wang: School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
Zheng Yan: Department of Academic Exchange,Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100082, China
Lingchao Song: Hunan Provincial Communications Planning, Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha 410200, China
Yangyang Wang: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Jia Zhu: School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
Nan Xu: School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
Jinsheng Wang: Shenzhen Beiyu Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518063, China
Ming Chang: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Lei Wang: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 16, 1-19

Abstract: Biochars produced from aquatic plants have attracted increasing attention for the removal of heavy metals from the environment. Therefore, biochars derived from the roots (CBR), stems (CBS) and leaves (CBL) of cattail were investigated in this paper for their higher adsorption capacity, particularly for Cd(II). The adsorption characteristics and the leaching of alkali (soil) metals within biochars obtained from the different tissues of cattail were also discussed. The results showed that the specific surface area of cattail root biochar reached 15.758 m 2 g −1 . Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R isotherm equations were used to fit the experimental data, and the last equation revealed the best fitting result. The adsorption kinetics for Cd(II) removal were determined by using two different models. The experimental data for CBR and CBS were in good agreement with the pseudo second-order model, whereas the pseudo first-order model provided a better fit for CBL. The amount of leached K reached 73.214 mg g −1 in CBS (55.087 mg g −1 in CBL), which was almost an order of magnitude higher than those of Mg and Ca. The experimental data showed that the leached Mg and Ca metals in CBL had maximum levels of 6.543 and 10.339 mg g −1 , respectively. The mechanism of Cd(II) sorption by the biochar is complex and probably involves a combination of mass transfer, ion exchange, and mineral precipitation through the macropores and micropores of the biochar in the sorption process.

Keywords: cattail biochar; adsorption mechanism; cadmium; alkali (soil) metal (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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