Biodiesel Production Using Modified Direct Transesterification by Sequential Use of Acid-Base Catalysis and Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Using Various Blends

T. M. Yunus Khan, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Sanjeev V. Khandal, Sarfaraz Kamangar, Imran Mokashi, M. A. Mujtaba and Nazia Hossain
Additional contact information
T. M. Yunus Khan: Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Irfan Anjum Badruddin: Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
Sanjeev V. Khandal: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur 416118, India
Sarfaraz Kamangar: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Imran Mokashi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bearys Institute of Technology, Mangalore 574153, India
M. A. Mujtaba: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Nazia Hossain: School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 17, 1-17

Abstract: Biodiesel is a seemingly suitable alternative substitute for conventional fossil fuels to run a diesel engine. In the first part of the study, the production of biodiesel by modified direct transesterification (MDT) is reported. An enhancement in the biodiesel yield with a considerable reduction in reaction time with the MDT method was observed. The required duration for diesel and biodiesel blending was minimized including glycerol separation time from biodiesel in the MDT method. The development in the automotive sector mainly focuses on the design of an efficient, economical, and low emission greenhouse gas diesel engine. In the current experimental work Ceiba pentandra / Nigella sativa and diesel blends (CPB10 and NSB10) were used to run the diesel engine. A variety of approaches were implemented to improve the engine performance for these combinations of fuels. The fuel injector opening pressure (IOP) was set at 240 bar, the torriodal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) having a six-hole injector with a 0.2 mm orifice diameter each, provided better brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with lower emissions compared with the hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) and trapezoidal combustion chamber (TCC) for both CPB10 and NSB10. CPB10 showed better performance compared with NSB10. A maximum BTE of 29.1% and 28.6% were achieved with CPB10 and NSB10, respectively, at all optimized conditions. Diesel engine operation with CPB10 and NSB10 at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 240 bar IOP with TRCC can yield better results, close to a diesel run engine at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 205 bar IOP with HCC.

Keywords: Ceiba pentandra; Nigella sativa; sequential acid-base catalysts; nozzle geometry; combustion chamber shapes; efficient engines (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9731/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/17/9731/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:17:p:9731-:d:625565

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().