Improving the Early Properties of Treated Soft Kaolin Clay with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Gypsum

Abdulmajeed Al-hokabi, Muzamir Hasan, Mugahed Amran, Roman Fediuk, Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin and Sergey Klyuev
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Abdulmajeed Al-hokabi: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
Muzamir Hasan: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
Mugahed Amran: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
Roman Fediuk: Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
Sergey Klyuev: Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 19, 1-18

Abstract: Soft soil problems and increased production of fuel waste have emerged due to world population growth. These two problems are prompting engineers to introduce new methods of using waste fuel to stabilize the soil. Previous research has shown clear sustained improvements in soil properties using palm oil fuel ash (POFA) when mixed with a calcium-based binder such as NaCl, lime or cement. The use of such a stabilizing agent can reduce the economic problems associated with reducing the cost of waste disposal and create a sustainable ecological system. It is an alternative method of replacing part of the soil to ensure a balance between economic growth and ecological privilege, leading to the achievement of green technology goals. However, this research is aimed at improving the properties of processed soft kaolin clay with a combination of POFA and gypsum. The physical and mechanical properties of all samples were tested. The results showed a decrease in the specific gravity with the addition of POFA and an increase with gypsum alone, as well as a decrease with a mixture of POFA and gypsum and a decrease in the soil plasticity index due to a better increase in the plasticity limit compared to the liquid limit. This is considered a sign of improved geotechnical properties and reduced linear shrinkage. It was also shown that the treated clay showed an increase in the optimal water content and a drop in the maximum dry density. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the initial properties of the processed soft kaolin clay with the addition of POFA can be significantly improved.

Keywords: soft soil; palm oil fuel ash; gypsum; soft kaolin clay; concrete; properties (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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