Seaweed Aquaculture in Indonesia Contributes to Social and Economic Aspects of Livelihoods and Community Wellbeing

Michael A. Rimmer, Silva Larson, Imran Lapong, Agus Heri Purnomo, Petrus Rani Pong-Masak, Libby Swanepoel and Nicholas A. Paul
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Michael A. Rimmer: School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
Silva Larson: School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
Imran Lapong: Department of Aquaculture, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Maritim Balikdiwa, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Agus Heri Purnomo: Research Centre for Marine Fisheries Socioeconomics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
Petrus Rani Pong-Masak: Research Institute for Seaweed Culture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Mananggu, Boalemo 96265, Indonesia
Libby Swanepoel: School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
Nicholas A. Paul: School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 19, 1-22

Abstract: Seaweed farming in Indonesia is carried out throughout much of the archipelago and is mainly undertaken by smallholder farmers. Indonesia is the largest global producer of the red seaweeds Kappaphycus and Eucheuma , which are used to produce carrageenan, and is a major producer of Gracilaria , which is used to produce agar. Seaweed farming is attractive to farmers in rural coastal communities because capital and operating costs are low, farming techniques are not technically demanding, labour requirements are relatively low (allowing farmers to engage in other livelihoods), and production cycles are short (30–45 days), providing regular income. Using reported values for seaweed-farming income, we conclude that seaweed farming can, but does not always, lift rural households above the Indonesian poverty line. In addition to direct financial benefits, seaweed farming also contributes to human and social capital within seaweed farming households and communities. Achieving continued economic and social benefits from seaweed farming will require additional policy development, as well as research and development to support improved and more consistent seaweed productivity and improved product quality at the farm level, provision of effective extension and technical support services, and diversification of the existing value chains in order to reduce the impacts of price fluctuations that are associated with limited global commodity chains.

Keywords: seaweed; livelihoods; aquaculture; Indonesia; value chain (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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