Strengthening Accountability for Responsible Land Governance: Linking Governance of Tenure to Human Rights

Anna Katharina Kramer, Frederike Klümper, Alexander Müller and Francesca Thornberry
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Anna Katharina Kramer: TMG Research gGmbH, 10829 Berlin, Germany
Frederike Klümper: TMG Research gGmbH, 10829 Berlin, Germany
Alexander Müller: TMG Research gGmbH, 10829 Berlin, Germany
Francesca Thornberry: Danish Institute for Human Rights, 1403 Copenhagen, Denmark

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 19, 1-17

Abstract: While there is no universal right to land enshrined in existing human rights treaties, access to land is intrinsically linked to the achievement of human rights. For example, the right to food, adequate housing, property and equality and non-discrimination are of special concern for smallholder farmers, pastoralists, women, and other marginalized groups. In this regard, the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries, and Forests in the context of national food security (VGGT) is considered a milestone document. They link binding human rights frameworks with universally agreed principles of responsible land governance. However, the implementation of the Guidelines is impeded by their voluntary nature and the absence of clear monitoring and accountability structures. The objective of this paper is to make a case for adopting human rights-based monitoring approaches that strengthen the implementation of the VGGT and, ultimately, responsible land governance. This policy analytical paper draws from a literature review, an analysis of secondary data gathered from National Human Rights Institutions working on land rights, as well as findings from two pilot case studies. The cases illustrate the need for a human rights-based land governance monitoring approach, relevant for policy-makers as well as land rights practitioners. Furthermore, this paper shows that there is currently no systemic approach that monitors the implementation of the VGGT from a human rights perspective. Therefore, the paper suggests that a human rights-based monitoring approach centered around established human rights monitoring and reporting mechanisms can provide a new, and urgently needed, impetus for implementing the VGGT. Linking VGGT implementation to human rights obligations by states can strengthen efforts towards responsible land governance reforms and contributes to holding governments accountable to their commitments.

Keywords: VGGT; human rights; pathway for change; enabling environment; tenure rights; right to food (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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