Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in the Presence of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to Produce Alternative Biomass Fuel

Sharifah Mohammad, Siti Baidurah, Naofumi Kamimura, Seitaro Matsuda, Nurul Alia Syufina Abu Bakar, Nik Nur Izzati Muhamad, Aizat Hisham Ahmad, Debbie Dominic and Takaomi Kobayashi
Additional contact information
Sharifah Mohammad: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Siti Baidurah: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Naofumi Kamimura: Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka 940-2188, Niigata, Japan
Seitaro Matsuda: Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka 940-2188, Niigata, Japan
Nurul Alia Syufina Abu Bakar: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Nik Nur Izzati Muhamad: International Mobility and Collaboration Centre (IMCC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Aizat Hisham Ahmad: International Mobility and Collaboration Centre (IMCC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Debbie Dominic: Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
Takaomi Kobayashi: Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka 940-2188, Niigata, Japan

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 21, 1-18

Abstract: A bacterial strain, identified as Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 POME, was isolated from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The present article highlights the potential utilization of POME as a sole fermentation medium by Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to produce biomass fuel via aerobic fermentation. The fermentation was performed in a shake flask with a working volume of 300 mL, agitated at 180 rpm, incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for various fermentation hours, ranging from 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, and was followed by a drying process. Elucidation of the POME characteristics, calorific energy values (CEV), moisture content (MC), oil and grease content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, total nitrogen, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) were performed. The results demonstrate that the highest CEV, of 21.25 ± 0.19 MJ/kg, was obtained at 48 h fermentation. High amounts of extractable oil and nitrogen content were retrieved at the highest CEV reading of the fermented and dried POME samples, which were 17.95 ± 0.02% and 12.80 ± 0.08%, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies for the COD (50.83%), the BOD (71.73%), and the TSS (42.99%) were achieved at 120 h of fermentation, with an operating pH ranging from 4.49–4.54. The XRF analysis reveals that the fermented and dried products consisted of elements that had a high amount of carbon and potassium, and a significantly low amount of silica, which is sufficient for the effective burning of biomass fuel in the boiler.

Keywords: Lysinibacillus sp.; palm oil mill effluent treatment; batch fermentation; biomass fuel; calorific energy value (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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