Indicators of the Public Participation Exercise for Designing Public Parks in Malaysia: A Systematic Review

Ungku Norani Sonet, Mustafa Klufallah, Michael D. Peters and Timothy J. Dixon
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Ungku Norani Sonet: School of Built Environment, University of Reading Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri 79200, Malaysia
Mustafa Klufallah: School of Built Environment, University of Reading Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri 79200, Malaysia
Michael D. Peters: School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
Timothy J. Dixon: School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 21, 1-14

Abstract: In an attempt to enhance democratic governance, sustainable development goals (SDG), and Local Agenda 21 (LA21), the notion of public participation exercise (PPE) presents a range of possibilities. The PPE is observed as a method of solving the constraints faced by public parks in Malaysia, which in general suffer from two main challenges, namely (i) the underutilisation issue of public parks and (ii) the weakness of the present top-down development policy. Consequently, the objective of this study is to develop indicators for PPE in designing public parks in Malaysia. The method implemented in this study is an assessment of the construct, variable, and indicator adapted from Lazarsfeld’s scheme by conducting a document review of the Public Consultation Index (PCI), six sustainability assessment tools, namely LEED-ND, BREEAM, IDP, SITES V2, Green Mark-NRB, and GTI, and literature references. The variables and indicators were tabulated into the respective operational definition of the construct table and variables and measurement table. The findings include the identification of two main constructs, including public participation and public parks. Multiple variables were derived from each construct, including attributes of PPE in designing public parks in Malaysia, development stage, method of approach, type of public, and public parks design criteria. Subsequently, this study developed the fundamental basis for the PPE framework in designing public parks in Malaysia, which benefits the local development approach for public parks towards an integrated design framework.

Keywords: social sustainability; public participation; community engagement; sustainable development; Public Consultation Index; public parks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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