Molecular Characterization and Population Genetic Structure of Fagopyrum Species Cultivated in Himalayan Regions

Fayaz Ahmad Dar, Inayatullah Tahir, Sameer H Qari, Aala A Abulfaraj, Maha Aljabri, Hesham F. Alharby, Khalid Rehman Hakeem and Reiaz Ul Rehman
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Fayaz Ahmad Dar: Department of Bioresources, Amar Singh College, Cluster University, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190008, India
Inayatullah Tahir: Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
Sameer H Qari: Department of Biology, Aljumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
Aala A Abulfaraj: Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Maha Aljabri: Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
Hesham F. Alharby: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Khalid Rehman Hakeem: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Reiaz Ul Rehman: Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 21, 1-17

Abstract: Fagopyrum spp. (buckwheat) is a dicotyledonous pseudocereal crop mainly cultivated in the north-western Himalayan regions for its highly nutritional, antioxidant and therapeutic values. In the present investigation, molecular characterization was performed by using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) markers on 42 accessions of four buckwheat species ( Fagopyrum esculentum , F. sagittatum , F. tataricum and F. kashmirianum ). The 12 pre-screened ISSR primers amplified 102 bands, and amongst them 85 bands exhibited polymorphism with an average polymorphism of 82.73%. The results revealed that Shannon’s information indices ( I ) and Nei’s genetic diversity ( H ) were low for F. tataricum ( I = 0.1028 ± 0.2307; H = 0.0707 ± 0.1617) and high for F. esculentum ( I = 0.1715 ± 0.2622; H = 0.1164 ± 0.1796). It was estimated that within the accessions of Fagopyrum species, the species diversity ( H T ) and mean diversity ( H S ) were 0.3200 and 0.1041, respectively. Molecular variance partitioning by AMOVA also indicated a significant genetic differentiation accounting for 73% among and 27% within the accessions of Fagopyrum species. Overall, accessions of F. esculentum had the greatest distance from the other accessions of buckwheat species, which includes F. sagittatum , F. tataricum and F. kashmirianum as revealed by F ST distance and Nei’s unbiased genetic distance. The dendograms based on UPGMA and PCoA segregated 42 accessions of four buckwheat species into three major groups. This study clearly reveals a considerable amount of genetic diversity at the intra-specific level in F. esculentum , F. sagittatum and F. kashmirianum accessions. The factors responsible for it are diverse geographical conditions, pollinating behavior and cultivation practices adapted in these regions. The study also indicated a close phylogenetic relationship between F. tataricum and F. kashmirianum .

Keywords: buckwheat; genetic diversity; ISSR markers; PCoA; UPGMA dendrogram (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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