Sustainable Durio zibethinus -Derived Biosorbents for Congo Red Removal from Aqueous Solution: Statistical Optimization, Isotherms and Mechanism Studies

A. A. Oyekanmi, Akil Ahmad, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Mohammad Jawaid, Marlia Mohd Hanafiah, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil and Ashok Vaseashta
Additional contact information
A. A. Oyekanmi: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
Akil Ahmad: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar: Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
Mohammed B. Alshammari: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Jawaid: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
Marlia Mohd Hanafiah: Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
Ashok Vaseashta: Office of Applied Research, International Clean Water Institute, Manassas, VA 20112, USA

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 23, 1-19

Abstract: This investigation reports on the biosorption mechanism of Congo Red dyes (CR) in aqueous solution using acid-treated durian peels, prepared for this study. The biosorbent nature was characterized using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Brunaure-Emmet-Teller (BET). The effect of process parameters within operational range of pH (2–9), contact time (10–200 min), initial concentration (25–400 mg g −1 ) and temperature (25–65 °C) for the optimum removal of CR dyes was investigated using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM), and revealed that the optimum condition of biosorption was achieved around a pH of 5.5, contact time of 105 min at initial concentration of 212.5 mg L −1 within 45 °C temperature, which corresponds to 95.2% percent removal of CR. The experimental data fitted better to the second order polynomial model, with a correlation coefficient R 2 value of 0.9917 and the Langmuir isotherm model with biosorption capacity of 107.52 mg g −1 . Gibbs free energy indicated that the adsorption of CR dyes was spontaneous. The mechanism of the adsorption of CR dyes revealed that the biosorption of CR dyes investigated under different operational conditions show that under acidic pH, the adsorption efficiency of the acid treated durian peels is enhanced for the adsorption of CR dye molecules.

Keywords: Congo Red; biosorption; durian peels; central composite design; environmental sustainability mechanism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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