Immobilization of Hazardous Wastes on One-Part Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymers

Daniela Carolina Paz-Gómez, Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho, Silvia M. Pérez-Moreno, João Carvalheiras, José Luis Guerrero, Rui Miguel Novais, Maria Paula Seabra, Guillermos Ríos, Juan Pedro Bolívar and João António Labrincha
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Daniela Carolina Paz-Gómez: Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Research Centre on Natural Resources, Department of Integrated Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Silvia M. Pérez-Moreno: Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Research Centre on Natural Resources, Department of Integrated Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
João Carvalheiras: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
José Luis Guerrero: Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Research Centre on Natural Resources, Department of Integrated Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Rui Miguel Novais: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Maria Paula Seabra: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Guillermos Ríos: Atlantic Copper S.L.U., 21001 Huelva, Spain
Juan Pedro Bolívar: Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Research Centre on Natural Resources, Department of Integrated Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
João António Labrincha: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 23, 1-18

Abstract: The immobilization of hazardous wastes in ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based materials has been widely studied and implemented. OPC-based materials have a high carbon footprint associated with their production and geopolymer materials are a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. Therefore, this work aimed to immobilize two hazardous industrial wastes: copper wastewater sludge and phosphogypsum in one-part geopolymer materials. For that purpose, the precursor was partially substituted by these wastes (5, 10 and 20 wt.%) in the formulations. The geopolymer fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, and the immobilisation of pollutants was determined through leaching tests. In phosphogypsum pastes (PG5, PG10 and PG20) it was observed that the compressive strength decreased with the increase in its amount, varying between 67 MPa and 19 MPa. In copper sludge pastes, the compressive strength of the specimens (CWS5 and CWS10) reached ~50 MPa. The mortars, MPG10 and MCWSs10, had compressive strengths of 13 MPa and 21 MPa, respectively. Leaching tests showed that pastes and mortars immobilise the hazardous species of the wastes, except for As from copper sludge, whose the best result was found in the compact paste (CWSs10) that leached 2 mg/kg of As. Results suggest that optimized compositions are suitable for the construction sector.

Keywords: one-part geopolymer; hazardous waste; immobilization; valorisation; circular economy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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