Sustainable Mulberry ( Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L.) Production in Eastern Turkey

Ahmet Can, Ahmet Kazankaya, Erdal Orman, Muttalip Gundogdu, Sezai Ercisli, Ravish Choudhary and Rohini Karunakaran
Additional contact information
Ahmet Can: The Ministry of National Defense, Ankara 06000, Turkey
Ahmet Kazankaya: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40100, Turkey
Erdal Orman: Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute, Yalova 77100, Turkey
Muttalip Gundogdu: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
Sezai Ercisli: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25000, Turkey
Ravish Choudhary: Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Rohini Karunakaran: Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 24, 1-13

Abstract: In this study, a total of 55 wild-grown mulberry landraces belonging to Morus alba L., Morus rubra L., and Morus nigra L. species ( Rosales order, Moraceae family, Morus L. genus) were sampled around the Van Lake basin, and some fruit characteristics were determined. All landraces are naturally grown in the Lake Van basin under pesticide-free conditions. As fruit character, phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and phlorizin) and organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and ascorbic acid) were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the correlation between mulberry species in terms of biochemical compounds. As a result of PCA-biplot analysis, two variations were sufficient to explain the correlation between phenolic compounds and organic acids. This ratio reveals that mulberry species are separated with sharp boundaries in terms of biochemical compounds. Chlorogenic acid and rutin content were high in all mulberry landraces. The highest chlorogenic acid content was detected in landrace 65VN03 belonging to M. rubra (3.778 mg/g), 65GV12 belonging to M. nigra (3.526 mg/g), 13AD08 belonging to M. rubra (2.461 mg/g), and 13AH02 belonging to M. rubra (6.246 mg/g) landraces. In terms of organic acid content, malic acid was the dominant organic acid for genotypes. The rich bioactive compounds make M. alba , M. rubra , and M. nigra landraces as cultivar candidates for breeding purposes. It is a valuable source of bioactive agents that may have prevented humans from oxidative-stress-related diseases.

Keywords: mulberry; genotypes; phenolic compounds; organic acids; vitamin C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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