Using Nano Zero-Valent Iron Supported on Diatomite to Remove Acid Blue Dye: Synthesis, Characterization, and Toxicology Test

Ernesto Flores-Rojas, Denhi Schnabel, Erick Justo-Cabrera, Omar Solorza-Feria, Héctor M. Poggi-Varaldo and Luz Breton-Deval
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Ernesto Flores-Rojas: Campus San Rafael, Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 06740, Mexico
Denhi Schnabel: Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
Erick Justo-Cabrera: Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
Omar Solorza-Feria: Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Héctor M. Poggi-Varaldo: Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies Group, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Luz Breton-Deval: Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 24, 1-11

Abstract: This work aimed to synthesize and characterize nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), supported on diatomaceous earth (DE) at two different molar concentrations, 3 and 4 M (nZVI-DE-1 nZVI-DE-2), to test the decolorization treatment of acid blue dye (AB) and perform a toxicological test using zebrafish. The synthesis of the nanoparticles was obtained using the chemical reduction method. The material was fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy and specific surface area (BET). The results showed spherical forms in clusters between 20 and 40 nm of zero-valent iron supported on diatomaceous earth. The removal of 1 g/L of AB from water treated with nZVI-DE-1 and nZVI-DE-2 reached the decolorization of 90% and 98% of all dye. By contrast, controls such as nZVI and DE-1 and DE-2 removed 40%, 37%, and 24% of the dye. Toxicological analysis using zebrafish showed that AB causes a severe defect in development, and embryos die after exposure. However, the water samples treated with nZVI-DE-1 and nZVI-DE-2 are not harmful to the zebrafish embryos during the first 24 h. However, all embryos exposed to the new material for more than 48 hpf had cardiac edema, smaller eyes, and curved and smaller bodies with less pigmentation.

Keywords: nanoparticles; water treatment; dyes; zero-valent iron; acid blue (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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