Objective Sustainability Assessment in the Digital Economy: An Information Entropy Measure of Transparency in Corporate Sustainability Reporting

Mohammed Zakaria, Chadi Aoun and Divakaran Liginlal
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Mohammed Zakaria: Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289, USA
Chadi Aoun: Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289, USA
Divakaran Liginlal: Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences & Heinz College of Information Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15289, USA

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: The Internet is now a central enabler for sharing sustainability information. Yet, such enablement is complicated through an exponentially increasing array of information. What is lacking in the digital economy are objective and transparent mechanisms to provide reliable assessments of the published sustainability information in a timely and efficient manner. In addressing such limitation, this research proposes an objective automated mechanism for measuring transparency in sustainability reporting using an information entropy-based approach. Through text-mining methods and expert validation, the study built a sustainability dictionary corpus and then applied the corpus for objectively assessing the relative entropy between the probability distributions of words in the sustainability dictionary and those in corporate reports. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the mechanism was empirically applied to compare sustainability reporting of organizations in the energy sector. Here, the research effectively compared cartels with non-cartels by assessing the sustainability reports of major OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) and non-OPEC producers spanning a three-year period and found consistent differences in transparency between the two groups. The findings demonstrate likely normative transparency pressures on disaffiliated producers for which cartels may be immune. The automated mechanism holds important theoretical and practical contributions to the field of sustainability as it provides a rapid and objective means for textual analysis of sustainability information, thus promoting transparency in sustainability reporting in the rapidly evolving digital economy.

Keywords: sustainability; corporate transparency; information theory; text analytics; corpus; dictionary; entropy; energy sector (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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