Variations of Structural and Functional Traits of Azolla pinnata R. Br. in Response to Crude Oil Pollution in Arid Regions

Aya A. Mostafa, Rehab M. Hafez, Ahmad K. Hegazy, Azza M. Abd-El Fattah, Nermen H. Mohamed, Yasser M. Mustafa, Adil A. Gobouri and Ehab Azab
Additional contact information
Aya A. Mostafa: Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
Rehab M. Hafez: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
Ahmad K. Hegazy: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
Azza M. Abd-El Fattah: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
Nermen H. Mohamed: Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
Yasser M. Mustafa: Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
Adil A. Gobouri: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Ehab Azab: Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 4, 1-16

Abstract: In oil-producing countries, water pollution by crude petroleum oil frequently occurs and causes many environmental problems. This study aims to investigate the effect of crude petroleum oil on the growth and functional trails of the economically important freshwater plant Azolla pinnata R. Br. and to report on the plant’s resistance to this abiotic stress. Plants were raised in an open greenhouse experiment under different levels of crude oil pollution ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 g/L. Plant functional traits were monitored over a three-week period. Plant cover of A. pinnata was decreased with the increased levels of oil pollution. The total chlorophyll content decreased from 0.76 mg/g fresh weight under 2 g/L oil treatment after 21 days of growth. The chlorophyll a/b ratio exceeded the unity at crude oil treatments above 1 g/L, with values reaching 2.78 after seven days, while after 21 days, the ratio ranged from 1.14 to 1.31. The carotenoid content ranged from 0.17 mg/g in the control to 0.11 mg/g in the 2 g/L oil treatment. The carotenoid content varied over time in relation to DNA% damage, which increased from 3.63% in the control to 11.36% in the highest oil treatment level of 2 g/L. The crude oil stress caused severe damage in the frond tissues and chloroplast structure of A. pinnata, including a less compacted palisade, the malformation of the epidermis, the disintegration of parenchyma tissue, and the lysis and malformation of the chloroplasts. Since A. pinnata cannot withstand high concentrations of crude oil pollution, it is for use in the remediation of slightly polluted freshwaters up to 0.5 g/L.

Keywords: anatomical malformation; chloroplast ultrastructure; pigments; plant cover; genotoxicity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/2142/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/2142/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:2142-:d:500809

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().