The Geo-Social Model: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Flow-Type Landslide Analysis and Prevention

Valentina Acuña, Francisca Roldán, Manuel Tironi and Leila Juzam
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Valentina Acuña: Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
Francisca Roldán: Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
Manuel Tironi: Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
Leila Juzam: Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 5, 1-40

Abstract: Landslide disaster risks increase worldwide, particularly in urban areas. To design and implement more effective and democratic risk reduction programs, calls for transdisciplinary approaches have recently increased. However, little attention has been paid to the actual articulation of transdisciplinary methods and their associated challenges. To fill this gap, we draw on the case of the 1993 Quebrada de Macul disaster, Chile, to propose what we label as the Geo-Social Model. This experimental methodology aims at integrating recursive interactions between geological and social factors configuring landslide for more robust and inclusive analyses and interventions. It builds upon three analytical blocks or site-specific environments in constant co-determination: (1) The geology and geomorphology of the study area; (2) the built environment, encompassing infrastructural, urban, and planning conditions; and (3) the sociocultural environment, which includes community memory, risk perceptions, and territorial organizing. Our results are summarized in a geo-social map that systematizes the complex interactions between the three environments that facilitated the Quebrada de Macul flow-type landslide. While our results are specific to this event, we argue that the Geo-Social Model can be applied to other territories. In our conclusions, we suggest, first, that landslides in urban contexts are often the result of anthropogenic disruptions of natural balances and systems, often related to the lack of place-sensitive urban planning. Second, that transdisciplinary approaches are critical for sustaining robust and politically effective landslide risk prevention plans. Finally, that inter- and trans-disciplinary approaches to landslide risk prevention need to be integrated into municipal-level planning for a better understanding of—and prevention of—socio-natural hazards.

Keywords: geo-social model; landslide; transdisciplinarity; community-based approach; integrated research; human induced landslides; geo-social map (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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