Development of Biosorbent Derived from the Endocarp Waste of Gayo Coffee for Lead Removal in Liquid Wastewater—Effects of Chemical Activators

Mariana Mariana, Farid Mulana, Lisa Juniar, Dinda Fathira, Risna Safitri, Syawaliah Muchtar, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Amir Husni Mohd Shariff and Nurul Huda
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Mariana Mariana: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Farid Mulana: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Lisa Juniar: Graduate School of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Dinda Fathira: Undergraduate School of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Risna Safitri: Undergraduate School of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Syawaliah Muchtar: Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Muhammad Roil Bilad: Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA), Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
Amir Husni Mohd Shariff: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
Nurul Huda: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 6, 1-17

Abstract: This study reports the development of bio-based adsorbent by utilizing coffee endocarp (CE) waste as a raw material for lead (Pb) removal from liquid wastewater. The effect of NaOH and HCl as activation precursors on the characteristics and performance of the resulting adsorbents was investigated. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The characterization results confirm the positive role of the activation by either NaOH or HCl in enhancing the surface properties of the resulting adsorbents. The chemical activations removed most of impurities leading to smoother surface, pore size enlargement and enhanced surface area to pore volume ratio, which result in an enhanced adsorption capacity and Pb removal efficiency. The raw adsorbent shows 57.7% of Pb removal efficiency and sorption capacity of 174.4 mg/g. On the other hand, after the chemical treatment using HCl and NaOH, the Pb removal efficiencies increased up to 63.9% and 89.86%, with adsorption capacity of 193 and 271.58 mg/g, respectively. Though both activated sorbents demonstrate better adsorption performance compared to the non-activated CE, overall results reveal that the NaOH-activated sorbent offers better characteristic and performance than the HCl-activated sorbent.

Keywords: adsorption; lead metal ion; coffee endocarp; biobased adsorbent (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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