Rhizospheric Phosphate Solubilizing Bacillus atrophaeus GQJK17 S8 Increases Quinoa Seedling, Withstands Heavy Metals, and Mitigates Salt Stress

Ismail Mahdi, Nidal Fahsi, Mohamed Hafidi, Saad Benjelloun, Abdelmounaaim Allaoui and Latefa Biskri
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Ismail Mahdi: Medical Applications Interface Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
Nidal Fahsi: Medical Applications Interface Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
Mohamed Hafidi: Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Saad Benjelloun: Modeling Simulation and Data Analysis laboratory (MSDA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
Abdelmounaaim Allaoui: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, CIPEM (Coalition Center, for Innovation, and Prevention of Epidemics in Morocco) (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
Latefa Biskri: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, CIPEM (Coalition Center, for Innovation, and Prevention of Epidemics in Morocco) (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 6, 1-22

Abstract: Introduction of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa willd.), a gluten-free nutritious pseudo-cereal, outside its traditional growing areas exposed it to seedling damping-off. Here, we isolated eleven phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from the quinoa rhizosphere and assessed their effect on germination and seedlings growth. All isolates solubilized phosphate, produced indole3-acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, siderophores, and ammonia. Genotypic analysis revealed that our strains are related to the genus of Bacillus , Pseudomonas , and Enterobacter . Strains Enterobacter asburiae (QD14, QE4, QE6, and QE16), Enterobacter sp. QE3, and Enterobacter hormaechei QE7 withstood 1.5 mg·L −1 of cadmium sulfate, 0.5 mg·mL −1 of nickel nitrate, and 1 mg·mL −1 of copper sulfate. Moreover, all strains solubilized zinc from ZnO; P. Stutzeri QD1 and E. asburiae QD14 did not solubilize Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and CO 3 Zn, whereas CO 3 Zn was not solubilized by E. asburiae QE16. Bacillus atrophaeus S8 tolerated 11% NaCl. P. frederiksbergensis S6 and Pseudomonas sp. S7 induced biofilm formation. Anti-fusarium activity was demonstrated for E. asburiae QE16, P. stutzeri QD1, P. frederiksbergensis S6, Pseudomonas sp. S7, and B. atrophaeus S8. Lastly, inoculation of quinoa seeds with B. atrophaeus S8 and E. asburiae QB1 induced the best germination rate and seedling growth, suggesting their potential use as inoculants for salty and heavy metal or zinc contaminated soils.

Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa willd.; phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; plant growth promotion; zinc-solubilizing bacteria; quinoa seed germination; salt tolerance; heavy metal bioremediation; antibiotic resistance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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