Renewable Energy Perspectives of Pakistan and Turkey: Current Analysis and Policy Recommendations

Riaz Uddin, Abdurrahman Javid Shaikh, Hashim Raza Khan, Muhammad Ayaz Shirazi, Athar Rashid and Saad Ahmed Qazi
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Riaz Uddin: Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Abdurrahman Javid Shaikh: Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Hashim Raza Khan: Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Muhammad Ayaz Shirazi: Haptics, Human-Robotics and Condition Monitoring Lab. (National Center of Robotics and Automation), NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Athar Rashid: Department of Governance and Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Saad Ahmed Qazi: Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 6, 1-28

Abstract: To a great extent, Pakistan and Turkey rely on imported fossil fuels to meet their energy demands. Pakistan is moving in the right direction, placing focus on renewable energy resources in its current infrastructure in order to address the energy shortage. Several projects (e.g., wind power and solar PV (photovoltaic) technologies) are operational or under development; they are intended to reduce energy challenges in Pakistan. The new government in Pakistan aims to increase the share of renewable energy in total power generation to 30% by 2030. On the other hand, Turkey surpasses Pakistan in renewable energy resources; for example, there are 186 operational wind energy power plants across the country. In addition, Turkey utilizes solar energy—mainly for residential usage. Turkey’s Vision 2023 energy agenda aims to supply 30% of their power demands from modern renewable energy resources. Turkey has implemented solar PV, solar buildings, wind power plants, geothermal energy resources, and biomass technology for heating, cooling and electricity generation. At present, Turkey’s supply to meet energy demands in the country is 56% fossil fuel energy resources and 44% renewable energy, including hydropower. Accessible details reveal that geothermal energy resources have been continuously neglected in Pakistan by the Ministry of Energy (power division); this is in contrast to the Turkish case, in which utilization of geothermal energy resources for heating and cooling purposes is efficient. With all the facts and figures under consideration, in this paper, comparative analyses are performed which reveal that the production of electricity from geothermal energy technologies is lower than the massive potential in both countries. Recommendations are made for important policies to promote renewable energy technologies, which could effectively support energy decentralization by providing electricity to rural areas and the national grid.

Keywords: renewable energy resources; renewable energy technologies; policy recommendation; comparative analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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