Does Gender Climate Influence Climate Change? The Multidimensionality of Gender Equality and Its Countervailing Effects on the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being

Christina Ergas, Patrick Trent Greiner, Julius Alexander McGee and Matthew Thomas Clement
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Christina Ergas: Department of Sociology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Patrick Trent Greiner: Department of Sociology, Department of Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Julius Alexander McGee: Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Department of Black Studies, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
Matthew Thomas Clement: Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 7, 1-23

Abstract: The carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) (a ratio measuring the amount of CO 2 emitted per unit of life expectancy at birth) is an increasingly popular way to measure the ecological efficiency of nations. Although research demonstrates that economic development typically reduces this efficiency, little research has explored the extent to which social equality improves it. This study uses panel data for 70 nations between 1995 and 2013 to assess how various aspects of gender equality affect the ecological efficiency of nations. We estimate a series of Prais-Winsten regression models with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) to assess how increases in the percentage of women in parliament, expected years of education for women, and the percentage of women in the labor force independently affect CIWB. Our findings indicate that across all nations, increases in the percentage of women in parliament and expected years of schooling reduce CIWB; however, increases in the percentage of women in the labor force increase CIWB. Our results further show that the relationship between different dimensions of gender equality and CIWB differs between more developed and less developed nations. Finally, we find that increases in the number of women in parliament and women’s education attenuate the relationship between women’s labor force participation and CIWB. We discuss the variation in our results by reviewing relevant eco-gender literatures and feminist economics.

Keywords: gender and environment; carbon intensity of well-being; climate change; social inequality; sustainable development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:3956-:d:529040

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