A Comprehensive Approach to the Design of a Renewable Energy Microgrid for Rural Ethiopia: The Technical and Social Perspectives

Stergios Emmanouil, Jason Philhower, Sophie Macdonald, Fahad Khan Khadim, Meijian Yang, Ezana Atsbeha, Himaja Nagireddy, Natalie Roach, Elizabeth Holzer and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
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Stergios Emmanouil: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, 261 Glenbrook Road, Castleman Building, Rm 313, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Jason Philhower: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Sophie Macdonald: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Fahad Khan Khadim: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, 261 Glenbrook Road, Castleman Building, Rm 313, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Meijian Yang: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, 261 Glenbrook Road, Castleman Building, Rm 313, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Ezana Atsbeha: Department of Sociology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Himaja Nagireddy: Department of Sociology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Natalie Roach: Department of Sociology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Elizabeth Holzer: Department of Sociology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, 261 Glenbrook Road, Castleman Building, Rm 313, Storrs, CT 06269, USA

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 7, 1-22

Abstract: In view of Ethiopia’s significant renewable energy (RE) potential and the dynamic interactions among the components of the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) Nexus, we attempted to incorporate solar and small-scale hydropower into the optimal design of an environmentally friendly microgrid with the primary goal of ensuring the sustainability of irrigation water pumping, while taking advantage of existing infrastructure in various small administrative units ( kebele ). Any additional generated energy would be made available to the community for other needs, such as lighting and cooking, to support health and food security and improve the general quality of life. The novelty of the study stems from the utilization of in situ social data, retrieved during fieldwork interviews conducted in the kebele of interest, to ascertain the actual needs and habits of the local people. Based on these combined efforts, we were able to formulate a realistic energy demand plan for climatic conditions typical of Sub-Saharan Africa agricultural communities and analyze four different scenarios of the microgrid’s potential functionality and capital cost, given different tolerance levels of scheduled outages. We demonstrated that the RE-based microgrid would be socially and environmentally beneficial and its capital cost sensitive to the incorporation of individual or communal machines and appliances. Ultimately, the social impact investigation revealed the design would be welcomed by the local community, whose members already implement tailor-made solutions to support their agricultural activities. Finally, we argue that extended educational programs and unambiguous policies should be in place before any implementation to ensure the venture’s sustainability and functionality.

Keywords: Water–Energy–Food Nexus; microgrid; renewable energy; sustainable agriculture; social impact (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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