Equivalent CO 2 Emission and Cost Analysis of Green Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete

Sylvia E. Kelechi, Musa Adamu, Abubakar Mohammed, Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo, Yasser E. Ibrahim and Hani Alanazi
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Sylvia E. Kelechi: Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria
Musa Adamu: Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria
Abubakar Mohammed: Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria
Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja 900109, Nigeria
Yasser E. Ibrahim: Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Hani Alanazi: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Global warming and climate changes are the major environmental challenges globally. With CO 2 emission being one of the main greenhouse gases emitted to the environment, and cement and concrete production amounting to about 10% of the global CO 2 emission, there is a need for the construction industry to utilize an environmentally sustainable material as an alternative to cement. This study analyzed the cost, CO 2 emission and strength properties of green self-compacting concrete (SCC) ternary blend containing fly ash, calcium carbide residue (CCR), and crumb rubber (CR) as a replacement material by volume of cement, cementitious material, and fine aggregate, respectively. Cement was replaced with fly ash at 0% and 40% by volume. CCR was used as a replacement at 5% and 10% by volume of cementitious materials, CR replaced fine aggregate in proportions of 10% and 20% by volume. The result indicated that the mix with 0% fly ash and 20% CR replacement of fine aggregate was the most expensive and had the highest CO 2 emission. However, the mix with 10% CR, 40% fly ash, and 10% CCR had the lowest CO 2 emission and was therefore the greenest SCC mix. The 28-day maximum compressive strength of 45 MPa was achieved in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 10% CCR, while the utmost 28-day splitting tensile strength of 4.1 MPa was achieved with a mix with 10% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR, and the highest flexural strength at 28 days was 6.7 MPa and was also obtained in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR. In conclusion, a green SCC can be produced by substituting 40% cement with fly ash, 10% fine aggregate with CR, and 10% CCR as a replacement by volume of cementitious material, which is highly affordable and has an acceptable strength as recommended for conventional SCC.

Keywords: crumb rubber; calcium carbide residue; fly ash; self-compacting concrete; CO 2 emission; environmental sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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