A Review of Groundwater Management Models with a Focus on IoT-Based Systems

Banjo Ayoade Aderemi, Thomas Otieno Olwal, Julius Musyoka Ndambuki and Sophia Sudi Rwanga
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Banjo Ayoade Aderemi: Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
Thomas Otieno Olwal: Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
Julius Musyoka Ndambuki: Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
Sophia Sudi Rwanga: Department of Civil Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-30

Abstract: Globally, groundwater is the largest distributed storage of freshwater and plays an important role in an ecosystem’s sustainability in addition to aiding human adaptation to both climatic change and variability. However, groundwater resources are dynamic and often change as a result of land usage, abstraction, as well as variation in climate. To solve these challenges, many conventional solutions, such as certain numerical techniques, have been proffered for groundwater modelling. The global evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enhanced the culture of data gathering for the management of groundwater resources. In addition, efficient data-driven groundwater resource management relies hugely on information relating to changes in groundwater resources as well as their availability. At the moment, some studies in the literature reveal that groundwater managers lack an efficient and real-time groundwater management system which is needed to gather the required data. Additionally, the literature reveals that the existing methods of collecting data lack the required efficiency to meet computational model requirements and meet management objectives. Unlike previous surveys, which solely focussed on particular groundwater issues related to simulation and optimisation management methods, this paper seeks to highlight the current groundwater management models as well as the IoT contributions.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT); groundwater level; groundwater resource; groundwater management models; groundwater monitoring system; wireless sensor network (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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