Deep Learning Models to Determine Nutrient Concentration in Hydroponically Grown Lettuce Cultivars ( Lactuca sativa L.)

Mostofa Ahsan, Sulaymon Eshkabilov, Bilal Cemek, Erdem Küçüktopcu, Chiwon W. Lee and Halis Simsek
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Mostofa Ahsan: Department of Computer Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
Sulaymon Eshkabilov: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
Bilal Cemek: Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
Erdem Küçüktopcu: Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
Chiwon W. Lee: Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
Halis Simsek: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Deep learning (DL) and computer vision applications in precision agriculture have great potential to identify and classify plant and vegetation species. This study presents the applicability of DL modeling with computer vision techniques to analyze the nutrient levels of hydroponically grown four lettuce cultivars ( Lactuca sativa L.), namely Black Seed, Flandria, Rex, and Tacitus. Four different nutrient concentrations (0, 50, 200, 300 ppm nitrogen solutions) were prepared and utilized to grow these lettuce cultivars in the greenhouse. RGB images of lettuce leaves were captured. The results showed that the developed DL’s visual geometry group 16 (VGG16) and VGG19 architectures identified the nutrient levels of lettuces with 87.5 to 100% accuracy for four lettuce cultivars, respectively. Convolution neural network models were also implemented to identify the nutrient levels of the studied lettuces for comparison purposes. The developed modeling techniques can be applied not only to collect real-time nutrient data from other lettuce type cultivars grown in greenhouses but also in fields. Moreover, these modeling approaches can be applied for remote sensing purposes to various lettuce crops. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is a novel study applying the DL technique to determine the nutrient concentrations in lettuce cultivars.

Keywords: image processing; nutrient level; lettuce; deep learning; RGB (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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