Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Petrol, Biodiesel and Battery Electric Vehicles in Malaysia Based on Life Cycle Approach

Shoki Kosai, Sazalina Zakaria, Hang Seng Che, Md Hasanuzzaman, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Chiakwang Tan, Radin Diana R. Ahmad, Ahmad Rosly Abbas, Katsuyuki Nakano, Eiji Yamasue, Wei Kian Woon and Ammar Harith Ahmad Amer
Additional contact information
Shoki Kosai: Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
Sazalina Zakaria: Built Environment and Climate Change Unit, Generation & Environment Department, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Hang Seng Che: Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, University of Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia
Md Hasanuzzaman: Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, University of Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia
Nasrudin Abd Rahim: Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, University of Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia
Chiakwang Tan: Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, University of Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia
Radin Diana R. Ahmad: Built Environment and Climate Change Unit, Generation & Environment Department, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Ahmad Rosly Abbas: Built Environment and Climate Change Unit, Generation & Environment Department, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Katsuyuki Nakano: College of Policy Science, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki 567-8570, Osaka, Japan
Eiji Yamasue: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
Wei Kian Woon: Corporate Strategy & Sustainability, Strategy and Ventures Division, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Kuala Lumpur 50470, Malaysia
Ammar Harith Ahmad Amer: Built Environment and Climate Change Unit, Generation & Environment Department, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang 43000, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 10, 1-12

Abstract: A steady rise in the ownership of vehicles in Malaysia has drawn attention to the need for more effective strategies to reduce the emissions of the road transport sector. Although the electrification of vehicles and replacing petrol with biofuel are the strategies being considered in Malaysia, these strategies have yet to be fully evaluated from an environmental perspective. In this study, a life cycle assessment was conducted to compare the greenhouse gas emissions of different types of transportation means (passenger cars, two-wheelers (motorbikes), and buses) with several types of powertrains (petrol, biodiesel, electricity) based on multiple lifecycle stages in Malaysia. The impact of considering land use change for the biodiesel production in the LCA was also considered in this study. It was found that the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles fueled by petrol to electric vehicles would reduce the greenhouse gas emission for passenger cars, two-wheelers, and buses. However, because the greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel-fueled vehicles are higher than those of petrol-fueled vehicles, even without considering land use change, the results indicate that the transition from a 10% to 20% biofuel blend, which is a current strategy in Malaysia, will not result in a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for the transport sector in Malaysia.

Keywords: life cycle assessment; biodiesel; land-use change; palm oil; electric vehicle; ASEAN (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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