Water Resources Management in Mexico, Chile and Brazil: Comparative Analysis of Their Progress on SDG 6.5.1 and the Role of Governance

Clara Tinoco, Natalia Julio, Bruno Meirelles, Raúl Pineda, Ricardo Figueroa, Roberto Urrutia and Óscar Parra
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Clara Tinoco: Doctoral Program in Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
Natalia Julio: Doctoral Program in Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
Bruno Meirelles: Advanced Systems Analysis Department, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Raúl Pineda: Regional Center for Training in Watersheds—CRCC-UAQ, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
Ricardo Figueroa: Center of Water Agriculture and Mining, CRHIAM, Concepcion 4070411, Chile
Roberto Urrutia: Center of Water Agriculture and Mining, CRHIAM, Concepcion 4070411, Chile
Óscar Parra: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 10, 1-18

Abstract: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is globally regarded as a suitable alternative to adapt to the effects of Climate Change. Chile, México, and Brazil are developing countries that are highly vulnerable to climate change and have different water management models, thus presenting the strengths and challenges for IWRM compliance. Our analysis aims to compare advances in terms of the achievement of SDG 6.5.1 in these countries, in relation to the degree of implementation of IWRM and their correlation to the OECD principles on Water Governance. We used IWRM Data Portal, UNEP-DHI, including 33 indicators, and we used the proposal of Bertule et al., (2018) to analyze the relationship among IWRM and governance. Our findings indicate that the Chilean model has low social involvement in water management due to a market-based water governance system with weak state regulation and lack of legal instruments to implement watershed management programs. In Mexico and Brazil, there is greater citizen involvement in watershed organizations, and ecosystems and aquifers have been incorporated to aid with water management. These three countries show a low performance of gender indicators, deficient financing, and information in terms of decision-making, and a lack of effective mechanisms for social participation, which are key aspects of governance.

Keywords: water security; watershed management; SDG6 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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