Extraction of Polyphenolic Antioxidants from Red Grape Pomace and Olive Leaves: Process Optimization Using a Tailor-Made Tertiary Deep Eutectic Solvent

Vassilis Athanasiadis, Dimitrios Palaiogiannis, Konstantina Poulianiti, Eleni Bozinou, Stavros I. Lalas and Dimitris P. Makris
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Vassilis Athanasiadis: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
Dimitrios Palaiogiannis: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
Konstantina Poulianiti: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
Eleni Bozinou: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
Stavros I. Lalas: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
Dimitris P. Makris: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 11, 1-15

Abstract: In the framework of introducing green strategies for food processing, the industrial orientation has shifted towards the replacement of conventional petroleum-based solvents with alternative eco-friendly ones. On this basis, the objective of this study was to synthesize a novel, tertiary, food-grade deep eutectic solvent, composed of glycerol, citric acid, and L-proline (GL-CA-Pro), and to test it as a solvent for the extraction of polyphenols from agri-food waste biomass. After an initial screening on various common residual materials (apple peels, lemon peels, orange peels, red grape pomace, olive leaves), evidence emerged that indicated GL-CA-Pro was more effective than other DESs commonly used for polyphenol extraction. Furthermore, extracts from red grape pomace (RGP) and olive leaves (OLL) were shown to contain higher level of total polyphenols and increased antioxidant activity. Process optimization for those two materials with the response surface methodology revealed that the major difference pertained to the extraction time. In addition, for both materials, GL-CA-Pro was shown to provide higher total polyphenol yields (53.25 and 42.48 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of dry mass, respectively) compared to water and 60% aqueous ethanol. However, the chromatographic analyses for OLL suggested aqueous ethanol was a more suitable solvent for some principal polyphenolic constituents. The RGP extract produced with GL-CA-Pro exhibited significantly stronger antioxidant effects compared to the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts, but the outcome for the OLL extracts was diversified. It was concluded that GL-CA-Pro is a very efficient solvent for RGP polyphenols, but its efficiency regarding OLL was comparable to that of aqueous ethanol.

Keywords: antioxidants; deep eutectic solvents; extraction; olive leaf; polyphenols; red grape pomace (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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