Prospects of Catalysis for Process Sustainability of Eco-Green Biodiesel Synthesis via Transesterification: A State-Of-The-Art Review

Maria Ameen, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Mujtaba Mujtaba, Shazia Sultana, Rozina ., Samah Elsayed El-Khatib, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar and M. A. Kalam
Additional contact information
Maria Ameen: Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
Mushtaq Ahmad: Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
Muhammad Zafar: Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
Mamoona Munir: Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
Muhammad Mujtaba Mujtaba: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (New Campus), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
Shazia Sultana: Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
Rozina .: Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
Samah Elsayed El-Khatib: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar: Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
M. A. Kalam: Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 12, 1-38

Abstract: Environmental pollution caused by conventional petro-diesel initiates at time of crude oil extraction and continues until its consumption. The resulting emission of poisonous gases during the combustion of petroleum-based fuel has worsened the greenhouse effect and global warming. Moreover, exhaustion of finite fossil fuels due to extensive exploitation has made the search for renewable resources indispensable. In light of this, biodiesel is a best possible substitute for the regular petro-diesel as it is eco-friendly, renewable, and economically viable. For effective biodiesel synthesis, the selection of potential feedstock and choice of efficient catalyst is the most important criteria. The main objective of this bibliographical review is to highlight vital role of different catalytic systems acting on variable feedstock and diverse methods for catalysis of biodiesel synthesis reactions. This paper further explores the effects of optimized reaction parameters, modification in chemical compositions, reaction operating parameters, mechanism and methodologies for catalysts preparation, stability enhancement, recovery, and reusability with the maximum optimum activity of catalysts. In future, the development of well-planned incentive structures is necessary for systematic progression of biodiesel process. Besides this, the selection of accessible and amended approaches for synthesis and utilization of specific potential catalysts will ensure the sustainability of eco-green biodiesel.

Keywords: biodiesel; esterification; transesterification; nanocatalysts; biocatalysts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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