Rural Sanitation: Scenarios and Public Policies for the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region

Elyfas Allyjackson Morais Rodrigues, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Júlia Daniele Silva de Souza, Ialy Rayane de Aguiar Costa, Severino Martins dos Santos Neto and Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino
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Elyfas Allyjackson Morais Rodrigues: Centre of Agreste Academic, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, Brazil
Artur Paiva Coutinho: Centre of Agreste Academic, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, Brazil
Júlia Daniele Silva de Souza: Centre of Agreste Academic, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, Brazil
Ialy Rayane de Aguiar Costa: Centre for Technology and Geosciences, Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-545, Brazil
Severino Martins dos Santos Neto: Centre of Agreste Academic, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, Brazil
Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino: Centre for Technology and Geosciences, Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-545, Brazil

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 12, 1-18

Abstract: Brazil’s primary sanitation sector has been neglected, especially concerning rural sanitation. Population dispersion and the difficulty of access in many rural communities bring more significant challenges to the universalization of the service and, consequently, vulnerabilities for the population. The present work builds a theoretical framework about the context of rural sanitation in Brazil, with history, weaknesses in the sector, the impact of COVID-19 and new technologies, and central public policies in the State of Pernambuco. It is known that COVID-19 has caused considerable challenges that, added to the obstacles to national sanitation, result in greater vulnerability to the population, especially for indigenous peoples, quilombolas, and diffuse rural communities. In the State of Pernambuco, certain policies, such as the One Million Rural Cisterns Program (P1MC), One Land and Two Waters Program (P1 + 2), Água Doce Program and Operação Pipa Program, significantly improved the quality of life of the rural population. However, these measures are not enough to remedy the sector’s shortcomings. Although alternative sanitation technologies bring hope to the sector, there is a long way to go towards the universalization of sanitation.

Keywords: public policy; water supply; sewerage system; Pernambuco (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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