Ammonium Reactive Migration Process and Functional Bacteria Response along Lateral Runoff Path under Groundwater Exploitation

Li Meng, Jian Shi, Yuanzheng Zhai, Rui Zuo, Jinsheng Wang, Xueru Guo, Yanguo Teng, Jian Gao, Li Xu and Bingchi Guo
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Li Meng: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
Jian Shi: College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Yuanzheng Zhai: College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Rui Zuo: College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Jinsheng Wang: College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Xueru Guo: School of Statistics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Yanguo Teng: College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Jian Gao: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
Li Xu: Municipal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
Bingchi Guo: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 14, 1-20

Abstract: In order to elucidate the importance of biogeochemical interactions between NH 4 + and aquifer media in groundwater runoff paths, a dynamic monitoring section in the riverbank zone, which is most sensitive to environmental characteristics and perpendicular to the flow direction of the Songhua River in northeastern China, was selected for field experiments in this study. The results indicated that the NH 4 + concentration decreased gradually along the groundwater runoff path under exploitation conditions. The NH 4 + concentrations of J1, J2, and J3 decreased by 8%, 18%, and 22%, respectively, as compared to the starting concentration of 1.3 mg/L. Adsorption of NH 4 + by aquifer media at different depths is a monolayer adsorption process in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The maximum reduction of NH 4 + from the aquifer media from top to bottom was 76%, 67%, 56%, and 42%, respectively. The function and activity of dominant functional bacteria have characteristics of coevolution with the NH 4 + transformation process. The main genera in the fluctuation zone are Pseudomonas (8.83%) and Acinetobacter (4.37%), which mainly transform NH 4 + by heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification (HN–AD). The main genera in the saturated zone are Flavobacterium (32.60%) and Sphingobium (3.54%), which mainly transform NH 4 + by anaerobic denitrification. The spatial variations of species and abundance for NH 4 + transformation functional bacteria decrease by 2.74% and 3.47%, respectively, along groundwater runoff paths. In the vertical and horizontal directions of groundwater runoff, the percentage of adsorption in NH 4 + transformation gradually decreased and the percentage of biotransformation gradually increased. The adsorption processes in the O 2 /NO 3 − reduction, Fe/Mn reduction, and SO 4 2− reduction zones were 20.7%, 3.6%, and 1.0%, respectively. The corresponding proportions of the biotransformation process were 79.3%, 96.4%, and 99.0%. This research is critical for elucidating the bio-geochemical interaction between NH 4 + and aquifer media along the course of groundwater runoff in order to offer a scientific basis for the prevention and management of groundwater nitrogen pollution.

Keywords: groundwater exploitation; ammonium; reactive migration; adsorption; functional bacteria (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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