A Comprehensive Review on the Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) in Concrete Production

Jawad Ahmad, Karolos J. Kontoleon, Ali Majdi, Muhammad Tayyab Naqash, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla, Nabil Ben Kahla, Haytham F. Isleem and Shaker M. A. Qaidi
Additional contact information
Jawad Ahmad: Department of Civil Engineering, Military College of Engineering, Sub Campus, Natioanl University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur 44000, Pakistan
Karolos J. Kontoleon: Laboratory of Building Construction and Building Physics, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Ali Majdi: Department of Building and Construction Technologies and Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq
Muhammad Tayyab Naqash: Civil Engineering Department, Islamic University in Madinah, Prince Naif Ibn Abdulaziz Street, Al-Kamiah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Farouk Deifalla: Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt
Nabil Ben Kahla: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Haytham F. Isleem: Department of Construction Management, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
Shaker M. A. Qaidi: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 14, 1-27

Abstract: In the last few decades, the concrete industry has been massively expanded with the adoption of various kinds of binding materials. As a substitute to cement and in an effort to relieve ecofriendly difficulties linked with cement creation, the utilization of industrial waste as cementitious material can sharply reduce the amount of trash disposed of in lakes and landfills. With respect to the mechanical properties, durability and thermal behavior, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) delineates a rational way to develop sustainable cement and concrete. Apart from environmental benefits, the replacement of cement by GGBS illustrates an adequate way to mitigate the economic impact. Although many researchers concentrate on utilizing GGBS in concrete production, knowledge is scattered, and additional research is needed to better understand relationships among a wide spectrum of key questions and to more accurately determine these preliminary findings. This work aims to shed some light on the scientific literature focusing on the use and effectiveness of GGBS as an alternative to cement. First and foremost, basic information on GGBS manufacturing and its physical, chemical and hydraulic activity and heat of hydration are thoroughly discussed. In a following step, fresh concrete properties, such as flowability and mechanical strength, are examined. Furthermore, the durability of concrete, such as density, permeability, acid resistance, carbonation depth and dry shrinkage, are also reviewed and interpreted. It can be deduced that the chemical structure of GGBS is parallel to that of cement, as it shows the creditability of being partially integrated and overall suggests an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). On the basis of such adjustments, the mechanical strength of concrete with GGBS has shown an increase, to a certain degree; however, the flowability of concrete has been reduced. In addition, the durability of concrete containing GGBS cement is shown to be superior. The optimum percentage of GGBS is an essential aspect of better performance. Previous studies have suggested different optimum percentages of GGBS varying from 10 to 20%, depending on the source of GGBS, concrete mix design and particle size of GGBS. Finally, the review also presents some basic process improvement tips for future generations to use GGBS in concrete.

Keywords: industrial waste; sustainable concrete; GGBS; mechanical properties; durability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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