From Photocatalysis to Photo-Electrocatalysis: An Innovative Water Remediation System for Sustainable Fish Farming

Eleonora Buoio, Chiara Cialini, Alessandra Cafiso, Lucia Aidos, Silvia Michela Mazzola, Raffaella Rossi, Simone Livolsi, Alessia Di Giancamillo, Vittorio Maria Moretti, Elena Selli, Massimiliano Bestetti, Silvia Franz, Gian Luca Chiarello, Annamaria Costa and Chiara Bazzocchi
Additional contact information
Eleonora Buoio: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Chiara Cialini: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Alessandra Cafiso: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Lucia Aidos: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
Silvia Michela Mazzola: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Raffaella Rossi: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Simone Livolsi: Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
Alessia Di Giancamillo: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
Vittorio Maria Moretti: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Elena Selli: Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
Massimiliano Bestetti: Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
Silvia Franz: Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
Gian Luca Chiarello: Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
Annamaria Costa: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Chiara Bazzocchi: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 15, 1-14

Abstract: In this study, the effects of photo-electrocatalysis (PEC) were evaluated as an innovative application of conventional photocatalysis (PC) to remediate water in a recirculating system for rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) culture, in relation to fish welfare and health, with a multidisciplinary approach. Three tanks were employed, equipped with conventional biological filters as a control system, and three tanks equipped with the PEC purification system. The concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate ions in water were monitored, and the fish’s oxidative damage and stress response were evaluated in parallel. The water of the PEC-treated experimental group showed lower ammonia (TAN) and nitrite concentrations and higher nitrate concentration, possibly deriving from TAN oxidation through PEC, also leading to gaseous N 2 . Histological analysis did not reveal any pathological alteration in the gills and liver of both groups. The superoxide dismutase ( sod1 ), glutathione reductase ( GR ), glutathione peroxidase ( GPx1 ), and Tumor necrosis factor ( TNFα ) gene expressions were significantly higher in the control group than in the PEC-treated group, while the Heat shock protein 70 ( Hsp70 ) expression did not show any difference in the two groups. These results indicate that the use of PEC filters has a positive effect on water quality, compared to the use of conventional biological filters, inducing a high level of welfare in O. mykiss .

Keywords: nitrogen-containing compounds; photo-electrocatalysis; rainbow trout; water remediation; welfare markers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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