Microbial Diversity and Adaptation under Salt-Affected Soils: A Review

Chiranjeev Kumawat, Ajay Kumar, Jagdish Parshad, Shyam Sunder Sharma, Abhik Patra, Prerna Dogra, Govind Kumar Yadav, Sunil Kumar Dadhich, Rajhans Verma and Girdhari Lal Kumawat
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Chiranjeev Kumawat: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India
Ajay Kumar: Department of Microbiology, COBS&H, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
Jagdish Parshad: Department of Microbiology, COBS&H, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
Shyam Sunder Sharma: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India
Abhik Patra: Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Prerna Dogra: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India
Govind Kumar Yadav: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India
Sunil Kumar Dadhich: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India
Rajhans Verma: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India
Girdhari Lal Kumawat: Department of Plant Pathology, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 15, 1-24

Abstract: The salinization of soil is responsible for the reduction in the growth and development of plants. As the global population increases day by day, there is a decrease in the cultivation of farmland due to the salinization of soil, which threatens food security. Salt-affected soils occur all over the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The total area of global salt-affected soil is 1 billion ha, and in India, an area of nearly 6.74 million ha −1 is salt-stressed, out of which 2.95 million ha −1 are saline soil (including coastal) and 3.78 million ha −1 are alkali soil. The rectification and management of salt-stressed soils require specific approaches for sustainable crop production. Remediating salt-affected soil by chemical, physical and biological methods with available resources is recommended for agricultural purposes. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly approach compared to chemical and physical methods. The role of microorganisms has been documented by many workers for the bioremediation of such problematic soils. Halophilic Bacteria, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Cyanobacteria, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and microbial inoculation have been found to be effective for plant growth promotion under salt-stress conditions. The microbial mediated approaches can be adopted for the mitigation of salt-affected soil and help increase crop productivity. A microbial product consisting of beneficial halophiles maintains and enhances the soil health and the yield of the crop in salt-affected soil. This review will focus on the remediation of salt-affected soil by using microorganisms and their mechanisms in the soil and interaction with the plants.

Keywords: halophilic bacteria; PGPR; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; cyanobacteria (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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