Bioinspired Pattern-Driven Single-Material 4D Printing for Self-Morphing Actuators

Yousif Saad Alshebly, Khameel B. Mustapha, Ali Zolfagharian, Mahdi Bodaghi, Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali, Haider Abbas Almurib and Marwan Nafea ()
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Yousif Saad Alshebly: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
Khameel B. Mustapha: Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
Ali Zolfagharian: School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
Mahdi Bodaghi: Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali: School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Haider Abbas Almurib: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
Marwan Nafea: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 16, 1-21

Abstract: Four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymers is a leading research field due to the possibilities allowed by using these materials. The strain difference in the structures that is caused by the different stiffness profiles can be used to influence the shape-memory effect in the actuators. In this study, the influence of patterns on the strain is tested in polylactic acid (PLA) actuators using patterns made of different shapes. Five bioinspired geometrical shapes, namely, circles, squares, hexagons, rhombuses, and triangles, are used in the three-dimensional (3D) printing of the actuators. The use of shapes of different sizes along with combinations of different patterns in the PLA actuators is carried out to develop 40 actuators with different designs. The effects of the patterns and their characteristics are analysed and compared. The self-bending angles of the actuators range from 6.19° to 30.86°, depending on the patterns and arrangement used. To demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the proposed designs in practical applications, a hand-like shaped gripper is developed. The results show that the gripper can grip objects with uniform and non-uniform cross-sections. The developed gripper demonstrates that the proposed concept can be implemented in various applications, including self-morphing structures and soft robotics.

Keywords: 4D printing; bioinspired; pattern-driven; polylactic acid; shape memory polymer (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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