A Sustainable Cold Mix Asphalt Mixture Comprising Paper Sludge Ash and Cement Kiln Dust

Anmar Dulaimi (), Shakir Al-Busaltan, Mustafa Amoori Kadhim, Ruqayah Al-Khafaji, Monower Sadique, Hassan Al Nageim, Raed Khalid Ibrahem, Jan Awrejcewicz, Witold Pawłowski and Jasim M. Mahdi ()
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Anmar Dulaimi: College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
Shakir Al-Busaltan: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq
Mustafa Amoori Kadhim: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq
Ruqayah Al-Khafaji: Department of Building and Construction Technologies Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, Iraq
Monower Sadique: School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK
Hassan Al Nageim: School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK
Raed Khalid Ibrahem: Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10015, Iraq
Jan Awrejcewicz: Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Witold Pawłowski: Institute of Machine Tools and Production Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Jasim M. Mahdi: Department of Energy Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 16, 1-15

Abstract: Concerns about the environment, the cost of energy, and safety mean that low-energy cold-mix asphalt materials are very interesting as a potential replacement for present-day hot mix asphalt. The main disadvantage of cold bituminous emulsion mixtures is their poor early life strength, meaning they require a long time to achieve mature strength. This research work aims to study the protentional utilization of waste and by-product materials as a filler in cold emulsion mixtures with mechanical properties comparable to those of traditional hot mix asphalt. Accordingly, cold mix asphalt was prepared to utilize paper sludge ash (PSA) and cement kiln dust (CKD) as a substitution for conventional mineral filler with percentages ranging from 0–6% and 0–4%, respectively. Test results have shown that the incorporation of such waste materials reflected a significant improvement in the mixture’s stiffness and strength evolution. The cementitious reactivity of PSA produces bonding inside the mixtures, while CKD is used as an additive to activate the hydration process of PSA. Therefore, based on the results, it will be easier to build cold mixtures by shortening the amount of time needed to reach full curing conditions.

Keywords: cold mix asphalt; bitumen emulsion; paper sludge ash (PSA); cement kiln dust (CKD); stiffness modulus; wheel track (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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