New Algorithm for a Fixed Right Shift Code to Support Different Quality of Services in Smart and Sustainable Optical Networks

Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb, Ahmed Métwalli, Abdellah Chehri (), Hassan Yousif Ahmed, Medien Zeghid and Akhtar Nawaz Khan
Additional contact information
Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb: Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
Ahmed Métwalli: Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
Abdellah Chehri: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
Hassan Yousif Ahmed: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Medien Zeghid: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Akhtar Nawaz Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering, Jalozai Campus, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 16, 1-21

Abstract: Smart and sustainable cities require a network that can ensure many exchanges of information. In this sense, the deployment of optical fiber seems essential in order to guarantee urban interconnection. In this work, a new algorithm for the right shift code to be used in optical fiber communication (OFC) is proposed. The algorithm was designed to support different quality of services (audio, video, and data) for smart cities. This algorithm was based on varying the code weight for a certain number of users and transmitting a service to them. This algorithm was used for a spectral amplitude-coding optical code division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Two detection scheme approaches were used, which are the single photodiode (SPD) detection technique and the direct detection (DD) technique. The performance was analytically studied for the proposed system in terms of BER, SNR, and the maximum number of users. The obtained results, when our system used SPD, showed an improvement in the number of users, about 2.5% at 622 Mbps and 1.4% at 1.25 Gbps and 2.5 Gbps. It can support a number of users up to 151 for video services at BER = 10 − 12 , 300 for audio services with BER = 10 − 3 , and 162 for data services at BER = 10 − 9 at a data rate of 1.25 Gbps. Furthermore, the system was simulated and showed transmission distances of 30 km at 1.25 Gbps and 6 km at 2.5 Gbps for video services, 80 km at 1.25 Gbps and 30 km at 2.5 Gbps for audio services, and 44 km at 1.25 Gbps and 13 km at 2.5 Gbps for data services. Our proposed system is suggested to be implemented in a fixed fifth-generation passive optical network (F5G PON).

Keywords: future fixed fifth generation; smart city; optical communication; fixed right shift code; single photodiode detection; quality of service; bit error rate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/16/10337/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/16/10337/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:16:p:10337-:d:892619

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().