MgO Nano-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Coconut Oil and Fish Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Grasshopper Optimization

Impha Yalagudige Dharmegowda, Lakshmidevamma Madarakallu Muniyappa, Parameshwara Siddalingaiah, Ajith Bintravalli Suresh, Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa () and Chander Prakash ()
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Impha Yalagudige Dharmegowda: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Kushalnagara 571234, India
Lakshmidevamma Madarakallu Muniyappa: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Kushalnagara 571234, India
Parameshwara Siddalingaiah: Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNN College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Shivamogga 577204, India
Ajith Bintravalli Suresh: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Mangalore 575007, India
Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa: Department of Mechanical Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Shivamogga 577204, India
Chander Prakash: School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 18, 1-23

Abstract: In India, a densely populated country, fossil fuel depletion affects the energy sector that fulfils the industrial and human needs. Concerning greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants, and sustainability, there is a great demand to search for alternate feedstocks to produce alternate fuels at a low cost. The present work focuses on waste coconut and fish oil as potential inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel production. Two-stage transesterification processes for biodiesel production from hybrid oils mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio by employing solid nano-catalyst Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of the physics of transesterification variables, such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio (M:O), MgO catalyst concentration (MgO CC), and reaction temperature (RT), on biodiesel yield, based on experimental data gathered in accordance with the matrices of central composite design (CCD). MgO CC showed the highest contribution, followed by M:O and RT, to maximize biodiesel yield. All interaction factors showed a significant effect except the M:O with RT. Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) determined optimal conditions (M:O: 10.65; MgO CC: 1.977 wt.%; RT: 80 °C) based on empirical equations, resulting in maximum biodiesel yield conversion experimentally equal to 96.8%. The physical stability of the MgO nano-catalyst and reactivity up to 5 successive cycles can yield 91.5% biodiesel yield, demonstrating its reusability for sustainable biodiesel production at low cost. The optimized biodiesel yield showed better physicochemical properties (tested according to ASTM D6751-15C) to use practically in diesel engines.

Keywords: waste coconut oil; waste fish oil; transesterification process; nanocatalyst; response surface methodology; grasshopper optimization algorithm; biodiesel yield (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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