Security Issues and Solutions for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in a Sustainable City: A Survey

Zhendong Wang (), Haoran Wei (), Jianda Wang, Xiaoming Zeng and Yuchao Chang
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Zhendong Wang: Department of ECE, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
Haoran Wei: Department of ECE, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
Jianda Wang: Department of ECE, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
Xiaoming Zeng: Department of ECE, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
Yuchao Chang: Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Minhang Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 19, 1-29

Abstract: Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) combine technologies of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected vehicles (CVs) to develop quicker, more reliable, and safer traffic. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based CAV solutions play significant roles in sustainable cities. The convergence imposes stringent security requirements for CAV safety and reliability. In practice, vehicles are developed with increased automation and connectivity. Increased automation increases the reliance on the sensor-based technologies and decreases the reliance on the driver; increased connectivity increases the exposures of vehicles’ vulnerability and increases the risk for an adversary to implement a cyber-attack. Much work has been dedicated to identifying the security vulnerabilities and recommending mitigation techniques associated with different sensors, controllers, and connection mechanisms, respectively. However, there is an absence of comprehensive and in-depth studies to identify how the cyber-attacks exploit the vehicles’ vulnerabilities to negatively impact the performance and operations of CAVs. In this survey, we set out to thoroughly review the security issues introduced by AV and CV technologies, analyze how the cyber-attacks impact the performance of CAVs, and summarize the solutions correspondingly. The impact of cyber-attacks on the performance of CAVs is elaborated from both viewpoints of intra-vehicle systems and inter-vehicle systems. We pointed out that securing the perception and operations of CAVs would be the top requirement to enable CAVs to be applied safely and reliably in practice. Additionally, we suggested to utilize cloud and new AI methods to defend against smart cyber-attacks on CAVs.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; autonomous vehicles; connected vehicles; CAV; security; cyber-attacks; intra-/inter-vehicle system; cloud; sustainable city application (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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