A Charge/Discharge Plan for Electric Vehicles in an Intelligent Parking Lot Considering Destructive Random Decisions, and V2G and V2V Energy Transfer Modes

Mahyar Alinejad, Omid Rezaei (), Reza Habibifar and Mahdi Azimian
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Mahyar Alinejad: School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
Omid Rezaei: School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
Reza Habibifar: School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
Mahdi Azimian: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan 87159-98151, Iran

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 19, 1-22

Abstract: The random decisions of electric vehicle (EV) drivers, together with the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) energy transfer modes, make scheduling for an intelligent parking lot (IPL) more complex; thus, they have not been considered simultaneously during IPL planning in other studies. To fill this gap, this paper presents a complete optimal schedule for an IPL in which all the above-mentioned items are considered simultaneously. Additionally, using a complete objective function—including charging/discharging rates and prices, together with penalties, discounts, and reward sets—increases the profits of IPL and EV owners. In addition, during peak times, the demand for energy from the distribution system is decreased. The performance of the proposed schedule is validated by comparing three different scenarios during numerical simulations. The results confirm that the proposed algorithm can improve the IPL’s benefits up to USD 1000 and USD 2500 compared to the cases that do not consider the V2V and V2G energy transfer modes, respectively.

Keywords: electric vehicles; parking lot; vehicle-to-grid; vehicle-to-vehicle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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