Facial Feature Study of Cartoon and Real People with the Aid of Artificial Intelligence

Kun Liu, Kang-Ming Chang () and Ying-Ju Liu
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Kun Liu: College of Fine Art and Design, Wenzhou University, Cha Shan Rd., Ou Hai, Wenzhou 325035, China
Kang-Ming Chang: Department of Digital Media Design, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
Ying-Ju Liu: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 20, 1-16

Abstract: There is an impression that there are many facial differences between different American animated characters. Japanese animated characters, on the other hand, tend to be typecast, with large eyes, sharp chins, and angular faces. In essence, the subject matter of animation is primarily based on the culture of the people who make it, and the designers of the characters also have their own sense of national belonging; therefore, is it possible that the characters in animation are designed with more reference to their own people? In this study, the facial features of characters are extracted from the data of animation with high awards, box office, and ratings in America and Japan. R-language analysis of four sets of facial features data, comparing American and Japanese animated characters, was conducted using: U.S. and Japanese live action; American animated characters with American live action; and Japanese animated characters with Japanese live action. Results revealed that 23 of the 42 observations for the American animated character sample and the American live action sample were ≤0.05. Among them, 15 reference values were ≤0.001. In the group of Japanese animated characters, compared to Japanese live action, only 12 of the 42 observations were ≤0.05. Among them, seven reference values ≤ 0.001. These data prove that the design of faces of American and Japanese animated characters are exaggerated and, based on proportions of their own faces, American animators prefer to design a diverse cast of characters, which is perhaps related to the diverse ethnic structure of the United States. It is true that Japanese animated characters mostly have a single face design, and although this face has Western characteristics, it retains more of its own Japanese characteristics. However, the ‘formulaic’ style of Japanese animated characters can easily lead to aesthetic fatigue, and without continued innovation in storytelling, the character-based Japanese animation industry may be in decline.

Keywords: American animation; Japanese animation; characters design; exaggerate; face (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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