Former Foodstuff Products (FFPs) as Circular Feed: Types of Packaging Remnants and Methods for Their Detection

Alice Luciano (), Sharon Mazzoleni, Matteo Ottoboni, Marco Tretola, Rosalba Calvini, Alessandro Ulrici, Michele Manoni, Cristian E. M. Bernardi and Luciano Pinotti
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Alice Luciano: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Sharon Mazzoleni: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Matteo Ottoboni: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Marco Tretola: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Rosalba Calvini: Department of Life Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Alessandro Ulrici: Department of Life Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Michele Manoni: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Cristian E. M. Bernardi: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Luciano Pinotti: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-13

Abstract: Alternative feed ingredients in farm animal diets are a sustainable option from several perspectives. Former food products (FFPs) provide an interesting case study, as they represent a way of converting food industry losses into ingredients for the feed industry. A key concern regarding FFPs is the possible packaging residues that can become part of the product, leading to potential contamination of the feed. Although the level of contamination has been reported as negligible, to ensure a good risk evaluation and assessment of the presence of packaging remnants in FFPs, several techniques have been proposed or are currently being studied, of which the main ones are summarized in this review. Accordingly visual inspections, computer vision (CV), multivariate image analysis (MIA), and electric nose (e-nose) are discussed. All the proposed methods work mainly by providing qualitative results, while further research is needed to quantify FFP-derived packaging remnants in feed and to evaluate feed safety as required by the food industries.

Keywords: former foodstuffs; circular economy; feed safety; microplastics; packaging remnants; stereomicroscope; computer vision; multivariate image analysis; electronic nose (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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