A Hybrid DNN Model for Travel Time Estimation from Spatio-Temporal Features

Balaji Ganesh Rajagopal, Manish Kumar, Pijush Samui, Mosbeh R. Kaloop () and Usama Elrawy Shahdah
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Balaji Ganesh Rajagopal: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Tiruchirappalli Campus, Tamil Nadu 621105, India
Manish Kumar: Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Tiruchirappalli Campus, Tamil Nadu 621105, India
Pijush Samui: Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Patna, Bihar 800005, India
Mosbeh R. Kaloop: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22021, Korea
Usama Elrawy Shahdah: Public Works and Civil Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35116, Egypt

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-20

Abstract: Due to recent advances in the Vehicular Internet of Things (VIoT), a large volume of traffic trajectory data has been generated. The trajectory data is highly unstructured and pre-processing it is a very cumbersome task, due to the complexity of the traffic data. However, the accuracy of traffic flow learning models depends on the quantity and quality of preprocessed data. Hence, there is a significant gap between the size and quality of benchmarked traffic datasets and the respective learning models. Additionally, generating a custom traffic dataset with required feature points in a constrained environment is very difficult. This research aims to harness the power of the deep learning hybrid model with datasets that have fewer feature points. Therefore, a hybrid deep learning model that extracts the optimal feature points from the existing dataset using a stacked autoencoder is presented. Handcrafted feature points are fed into the hybrid deep neural network to predict the travel path and travel time between two geographic points. The chengdu1 and chengdu2 standard reference datasets are used to realize our hypothesis of the evolution of a hybrid deep neural network with minimal feature points. The hybrid model includes the graph neural networks (GNN) and the residual networks (ResNet) preceded by the stacked autoencoder (SAE). This hybrid model simultaneously learns the temporal and spatial characteristics of the traffic data. Temporal feature points are optimally reduced using Stacked Autoencoder to improve the accuracy of the deep neural network. The proposed GNN + Resnet model performance was compared to models in the literature using root mean square error (RMSE) loss, mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentile error (MAPE). The proposed model was found to perform better by improving the travel time prediction loss on chengdu1 and chengdu2 datasets. An in-depth comprehension of the proposed GNN + Resnet model for predicting travel time during peak and off-peak periods is also presented. The model’s RMSE loss was improved up to 22.59% for peak hours traffic data and up to 11.05% for off-peak hours traffic data in the chengdu1 dataset.

Keywords: stacked autoencoder; spatio-temporal learning; graph neural network; residual blocks; hand-crafted feature map (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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