Novel Biosynthesis of Graphene-Supported Zero-Valent Iron Nanohybrid for Efficient Decolorization of Acid and Basic Dyes

Mahmoud Samy, Marwa Elkady (), Ayman Kamal, Noha Elessawy, Sahar Zaki and Marwa Eltarahony ()
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Mahmoud Samy: Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
Marwa Elkady: Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Ayman Kamal: Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Noha Elessawy: Computer Based Engineering Applications Department, Informatics Research Institute IRI, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Sahar Zaki: Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Marwa Eltarahony: Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-14

Abstract: Herein, respiratory nitrate reductases (NAR) were utilized in the biosynthesis of zero-valent iron (ZVI) graphene nanocomposite as a simultaneous reducing and capping agent, for the first time, to efficiently adsorb methylene blue (MB) and direct red-81 (DR-81). Under anaerobic conditions, the greenly synthesized graphene was incubated with iron precursor in the presence of crude-NAR enzyme for 48 h to obtain the ZVI graphene composite followed by characterizing this composite using physiochemical analyses. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques assured the chemical composition and the interaction between ZVI and graphene. The influences of operating conditions such as contact time, pH and adsorbent dose on the adsorption efficacy were explored in the case of ZVI graphene, graphene and ZVI. ZVI graphene nanocomposite displayed the highest removal efficiency of MB and DR-81 compared to graphene and ZVI-NPs. The removal percentages of DR-81 and MB by ZVI graphene nanocomposites were 88.3 ± 2.66% and 87.6 ± 2.1%, respectively, at pH 7, adsorbent dose 20 mg/50 mL, initial MB or DR-81 concentration of 10 mg/L and shaking speed of 150 rpm. A pseudo first-order model could describe the adsorption kinetics, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed. The promising results of the current study support the potential of the recruitment of ZVI graphene nanocomposites in eliminating various pollutants from industrial effluents on a larger scale. Further, the prepared nanohybrid can be used in other applications such as photocatalysis, Fenton and persulfate activation processes.

Keywords: decolorization; direct red-81; graphene; methylene blue; nitrate reductases; operating parameters; zero-valent iron (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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