National Park or Cultural Landscape Preservation? What the Soil Seed Bank Reveals for Plant Diversity Conservation

Tim Drissen, Christopher Faust, Julia T. Treitler, Robin Stadtmann, Stefan Zerbe and Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras ()
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Tim Drissen: Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
Christopher Faust: Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
Julia T. Treitler: Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
Robin Stadtmann: Department of Soil Protection and Soil Survey, State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany
Stefan Zerbe: Faculty for Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras: Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-24

Abstract: National parks play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, mainly excluding human influence following the IUCN approach. However, in Europe, they are often characterized by a high percentage of traditional cultural landscape elements, which require active management. This calls into question whether the national park protection strategy is always appropriate. Here, we follow this question by taking the soil seed bank of various habitats of the Asinara National Park (Sardinia, Italy) as an example. Asinara is a suitable model region, as the island mainly consists of traditional cultural landscape elements, but the main conservation goals include afforestation plans and nature development promotion, which creates a trade-off between the conservation of forest vs. cultural landscapes. We investigated the soil seed bank, standing vegetation, and environmental factors in different cultural and natural habitats. Since the highest species richness and diversity were revealed for cultural vegetation units, they need to be of primary concern regarding the preservation of the island’s phytodiversity. Given the main objective of the conservation of biodiversity in the Asinara National Park, we conclude that a biosphere reserve with an adapted sustainable land-use management might be more suitable than a national park to account for both natural and cultural landscape preservation. This conclusion applies to many other European national parks.

Keywords: biosphere reserve; conservation strategy; cultural indicators; ecosystem restoration; grazing; IUCN; land-use management; plant species richness; protected area; succession (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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