Posthuman Learning Culture and Internet-Based Private Tutoring in South Korea: Implications for Online Instruction in Public Schooling

Jung-Hoon Jung, Gi Hong Bang and Young Chun Kim ()
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Jung-Hoon Jung: BK21 ESR Research Program, Department of Education, School of Education, Pusan Campus, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
Gi Hong Bang: Department of Education, Chinju Campus, Chinju National University, Jinju 52673, Korea
Young Chun Kim: Department of Education, Chinju Campus, Chinju National University, Jinju 52673, Korea

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-20

Abstract: In the digital age, education through the Internet becomes a new form of teaching and learning, which leaves many challenges as well as possibilities for teachers and students. In this study, we analyzed the effective practices for online learning comparing schools and private supplementary tutoring. South Korea is an appropriate country for this investigation, as public and private education sectors have attempted to advance online teaching and learning and approximately 80% of Korean elementary and secondary school students take online courses provided by private tutoring institutes. This qualitative study reveals that online learning in private supplementary tutoring, commonly known as shadow education, is highly advanced and favored by students and parents compared to that of schools. The features of online learning in shadow education include individualized learning, effective communication skills under post-human space, attention skills for cyber learning, and advanced Internet technologies and tools. The study results have practical implications for educational administrators and schoolteachers concerning effective online teaching and learning. In addition, we suggest that a more comprehensive understanding of online learning is needed to guide schoolteachers and policymakers.

Keywords: online learning; Korean education; Internet-based private tutoring; shadow education; educational technologies; education for social responsibility (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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