Identifying and Characterizing Critical Source Areas of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Urban Agglomeration in Lake Baikal Watershed

Mikhail Y. Semenov (), Anton V. Silaev, Yuri M. Semenov, Larisa A. Begunova and Yuri M. Semenov
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Mikhail Y. Semenov: Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
Anton V. Silaev: V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
Yuri M. Semenov: V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
Larisa A. Begunova: Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Institute of High Technologies, Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Lermontov St. 83, 664074 Irkutsk, Russia
Yuri M. Semenov: Faculty of Preventive Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 22, 1-17

Abstract: Critical source areas (CSAs) are the areas prone to generating runoff and are characterized by a high level of soil pollution. CSAs may accumulate and release soil pollutants emitted by primary emission sources (industrial and municipal enterprises) into the surface water during storm events. The aim of this study was to identify CSAs and their pollution sources and to assess the level of soil pollution in CSAs with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and trace metals (TM). CSAs were identified using a geospatial data model (GIS), and primary emission sources were identified using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. It was found that the soils of CSAs were characterized by higher pollution levels than soils outside the CSAs. Pollution levels were highly variable among the identified CSAs due to the different capacities of the plants located in those areas. Due to high variability of TM concentrations in preindustrial soils, the pollution level of PAHs and the pollution level of TMs in CSA soils did not correlate with each other. The PAH composition of bottom sediments was different from that of soils, whereas the TM compositions of the soils and bottom sediments were similar. It was proved that the main sources of PAHs and TMs in CSA soils were traffic emissions and central heating boilers.

Keywords: critical source areas; soil pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; trace metals; emission sources; positive matrix factorization; geospatial data model; Lake Baikal watershed (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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