Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole in 2019 and Its Impact on Indonesia

Iskhaq Iskandar (), Deni Okta Lestari, Agus Dwi Saputra, Riza Yuliratno Setiawan, Anindya Wirasatriya, Raden Dwi Susanto, Wijaya Mardiansyah, Muhammad Irfan, Rozirwan, Joga Dharma Setiawan and Kunarso
Additional contact information
Iskhaq Iskandar: Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia
Deni Okta Lestari: Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Sumatra Institute of Technology, Bandar Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Agus Dwi Saputra: Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia
Riza Yuliratno Setiawan: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Anindya Wirasatriya: Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Raden Dwi Susanto: Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Wijaya Mardiansyah: Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia
Muhammad Irfan: Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia
Rozirwan: Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia
Joga Dharma Setiawan: Center for Coastal Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Kunarso: Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 22, 1-15

Abstract: The evolution of an extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) that took place in the tropical Indian Ocean during the late boreal summer to early winter of 2019 is examined in terms of coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics. The patterns of anomalous sea-surface temperature (SST) revealed a typical pIOD characteristic: cooling (warming) in the southeastern (western) tropical Indian Ocean. Based on the Dipole Mode Index (DMI), the evolution of the event started in mid-July and gradually strengthened with an abrupt weakening in early September before coming to its peak in late October/early November. It quickly weakened in November, and then it terminated in mid-December. During the peak phase of the event, the SST anomaly in the southeastern (western) tropical Indian Ocean reached about −2 °C (+1 °C). The pattern of anomalous SST was followed by an anomalous pattern in precipitation, in which deficit precipitation was observed over the eastern Indian Ocean, particularly over the Indonesia region. Earlier study has shown that dry conditions associated with the pIOD event created a favorable condition for a forest-peat fire in southern Sumatra. The number of fire hotspots has increased significantly during the peak phase of the 2019 pIOD event. In addition, anomalously strong upwelling forced by strong southeasterly wind anomalies along the southern coast of Java and Sumatra had induced a surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) bloom in this region. High surface Chl-a concentration was collocated with the negative SST anomalies observed off the southwest Sumatra coast and south Java.

Keywords: chlorophyll-a bloom; deficit precipitation; forest-peat fire; Indian Ocean Dipole (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/22/15155/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/22/15155/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:22:p:15155-:d:973800

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().