Using Phenol Formaldehyde Resin, Hexamethylenetetramine and Matrix Asphalt to Synthesize Hard-Grade Asphalts for High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete

Quanping Xia, Yingyong Li, Haining Xu, Haoyuan Luo (), Yangzezhi Zheng, Runming Zhao and Haichuan Xu
Additional contact information
Quanping Xia: Highway School, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
Yingyong Li: Shandong Transportation Service Center, Jinan 250002, China
Haining Xu: Weihai Highway Development Center, Weihai 264299, China
Haoyuan Luo: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Yangzezhi Zheng: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Runming Zhao: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Haichuan Xu: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 23, 1-18

Abstract: Traditional hard-grade asphalts for high-modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) are produced by using natural hard-grade asphalt to modify matrix asphalts. However, natural hard-grade asphalts are scarce and expensive. To find a sustainable alternative, this study presented a method to synthesize hard-grade asphalts using phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR), hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and matrix asphalts. Infrared radiation (IR) spectra analysis and fraction analysis for the modifiers and synthesize asphalts show that asphalt molecules can be cross-linked into larger polymeric groups by the thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin (TPFR) which is the reaction product of PFR and HMTA. This process increased the asphaltene and resin fraction in asphalt, thus transforming a matrix asphalt into hard grade. With the dosing combinations of 4% PFR/15~20% HMTA, 6% PFR/8~10% HMTA and 8% PFR/5~5.7% HMTA, dynamic modules of HMAC were 14,000~16,000 MPa, which satisfied the basic application requirements for HMAC. The rutting resistance of the new hard-grade asphalts with the above dosage combinations completely exceeds the traditional product using the Trinidad Lake asphalt as the raw material. Increasing the amount of PFR/HMTA can further improve the rutting resistance. However, to ensure the fatigue and cracking resistance of the HMAC can get a level like the traditional product, the dosages of HMTA should be controlled below 15%.

Keywords: durable asphalt pavement; high-modulus asphalt concrete; hard-grade asphalts; phenol formaldehyde resin; hexamethylenetetramine; rutting resistance; fatigue resistance; cracking resistance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15689/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15689/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15689-:d:983911

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().