Fabrication of Earth-Abundant Electrocatalysts Based on Green-Chemistry Approaches to Achieve Efficient Alkaline Water Splitting—A Review

Mohammed-Ibrahim Jamesh (), Arumugam Akila, Dhakshinamoorthy Sudha, Karunanidhi Gnana Priya, Vetrivel Sivaprakash and Arumugam Revathi
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Mohammed-Ibrahim Jamesh: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Arumugam Akila: Department of Chemistry, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641202, Tamil Nadu, India
Dhakshinamoorthy Sudha: Department of Chemistry, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, Tamil Nadu, India
Karunanidhi Gnana Priya: Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641006, Tamil Nadu, India
Vetrivel Sivaprakash: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
Arumugam Revathi: Department of Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Research, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638060, Tamil Nadu, India

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 24, 1-48

Abstract: The fabrication of earth-abundant electrocatalysts by green-chemistry approaches for electrochemical water splitting could diminish or alleviate the use or generation of hazardous substances, which could be highly desirable to achieve efficient, green alkaline water electrolysis for clean energy production (H 2 ). This review started by introducing the importance of the green-chemistry approaches. Later, this paper reviewed the fabrication of high-performance earth-abundant electrocatalysts using green-chemistry approaches for electrochemical water splitting (HER and OER). Moreover, this review discussed the green-chemistry approaches for the fabrication of earth-abundant electrocatalysts including phosphide/pyrophosphate-, carbon-, oxide-, OH/OOH/LDH-, alloy/B/nitride-, and sulfide/selenide (chalcogenide)-based earth-abundant electrocatalysts. Moreover, this review discussed various green-chemistry approaches, including those used to alleviate toxic PH 3 gas emission during the fabrication of transition-metal phosphide-based electrocatalysts, to design energy-efficient synthesis routes (especially room-temperature synthesis), to utilize cheap or biodegradable substrates, and to utilize biomass waste or biomass or biodegradable materials as carbon sources for the fabrication of earth-abundant electrocatalysts. Thus, the construction of earth-abundant electrocatalysts by green-chemistry approaches for electrochemical water splitting could pave an efficient, green way for H 2 production.

Keywords: green chemistry; non-toxic; electrochemical water splitting; earth-abundant electrocatalyst; hydrogen energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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