Geopolymeric Composite Materials Made of Sol-Gel Silica and Agroindustrial Wastes of Rice, Barley, and Coffee Husks with Wood-Like Finishing

Karina Rodríguez Espejel, José de Jesús Pérez Bueno (), Coraquetzali Magdaleno López, Maria Luisa Mendoza López, Marcos Algara Siller, José Luis Reyes Araiza, Alejandro Manzano-Ramírez and Jorge Morales Hernández
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Karina Rodríguez Espejel: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro-Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Santiago de Querétaro 76703, Mexico
José de Jesús Pérez Bueno: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro-Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Santiago de Querétaro 76703, Mexico
Coraquetzali Magdaleno López: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro-Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Santiago de Querétaro 76703, Mexico
Maria Luisa Mendoza López: Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Querétaro, Av. Tecnológico s/n, Esq. Mariano Escobedo Colonia Centro, Santiago de Querétaro 76000, Mexico
Marcos Algara Siller: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico
José Luis Reyes Araiza: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
Alejandro Manzano-Ramírez: Unidad Querétaro, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Libramiento Norponiente #2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
Jorge Morales Hernández: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro-Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Santiago de Querétaro 76703, Mexico

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 24, 1-22

Abstract: Geopolymers have been mainly utilized as structural materials; their chemical structure and morphologies have been explored for their potential as a high-performance material in emerging applications. Geopolymer composites reinforced with materials based on agro-waste are attracting interest in engineering applications due to their easy processing, low cost, low density, and high strength-to-weight ratio. This investigation pursues an experimental methodology that consists of a scheme to make composites with a geopolymer matrix and agro-waste (rice husk, barley, and coffee) as aggregate material, that can be applied in various fields of construction. The study was intended to determine the influence of adding various agro-wastes on the mechanical properties of the geopolymer. According to the respective ASTM standards, the materials obtained were prepared and analyzed to determine their compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-determined characteristics. The results revealed that, for the compression tests, the composites formed by a sol-gel matrix and barley husk showed a better yield, obtaining the highest value of 3.5 N/mm 2 . Concerning hardness testing, the composites with a geopolymer matrix and coffee husks obtained higher values compared to the other composites. For the flexural tests, the compounds with the sol-gel/fly ash matrix obtained the highest yield stress value, which was 5.25 MPa with an elastic modulus of 7.59 GPa. The results of the microstructural analysis showed good husk-matrix interaction, together with failure mechanisms. The conformation of such waste-based compounds may enable them to replace natural wood in some applications, such as in the finishing of interiors of homes, during the final stages in the construction of buildings, or in the decoration of inhabited houses, as well as in finishing in the manufacture of furniture.

Keywords: recycling; sustainability; particle boards; green building; sol-gel; cellulose (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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